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Net radiation at Earth's surface is the source of available energy that drives key processes, including surface and atmospheric heating, evaporation, sublimation, and transpiration. Shortwave radiation (approximately 280 to 4000 nm) is emitted by the sun, and a fraction incident at Earth's surface is reflected. Longwave radiation (approximately 4000 to 100,000 nm) is emitted by molecules in the atmosphere and land surfaces. Net radiation is the difference between incoming (downwelling) and outgoing (upwelling) shortwave and longwave radiation. Net radiation at Earth's surface is spatially and temporally variable due to changes in position of the sun with respect to Earth's surface, changes in atmospheric conditions, and differences in land surface conditions. Shortwave radiation accounts for a larger proportion of net radiation during the day when the sun is shining. Longwave radiation contributes to net radiation during the day and at night.
Typical values of the four components of net radiation (R净) for a clear summer day near solar noon over vegetation and a clear winter day near solar noon over snow are shown in the figure below (all unites are W m-2)。净短波辐射是进入短波之间的差异(来自Sun,SWi)传出短波(由Surface,SW反映o)。Net longwave radiation is the difference between incoming longwave (emitted by molecultes in the atmosphere, LWi) and outgoing longwave (emitted by elements at the surface, LWo)。Net radiation is the sum of net shortwave and net longwave radiation. Net radiation changes with solar zenith angle, atmospheric conditions (e.g., degree of cloudiness), and surface conditions (e.g., bare soil, plant cover, snow).
远地点Instruments model SN-500 net radiometers are four-component instruments, with individual upward- and downward-looking pyranometers and pyrgeometers. Each radiometer consists of a thermopile detector and filter mounted in an anodized aluminum housing. Each radiometer is heated to minimize the effects of dew, frost, snow, and ice on the filter and sensor head. Analog signals from each radiometer are measured with an onboard voltmeter and converted to SDI-12 outputs, eliminating the need for multiple analog datalogger channels to make the four-component measurement of net radiation. SN-500 net radiometers are small and lightweight to facilitate rapid and simple mounting.
SN-500 | SN-522 | |
---|---|---|
输入电压范围 | 5.5 to 16 V DC (heaters are optimized to run at 12 V DC) | 5.5 to 16 V DC (heaters are optimized to run at 12 V DC) |
Output Type | SDI-12 | modbus. |
电流绘图(12 V直流电源电压) | 加热器打开,通讯已启用:63 mA;接收器关闭,通信启用:1.5 mA;接收器关闭,沟通残疾:0.6 mA | Heaters on: 72 mA; Heaters off: 13.5 mA |
响应时间 | 1 S(SDI-12数据传输速率;探测器响应时间为0.5秒) | 将所有探测器信号数字化需要750毫秒 |
加热器(单独加热的传感器) | 62 mA电流绘制和12 V DC的740 MW电源要求 | 62 mA电流绘制和12 V DC的740 MW电源要求 |
Operating Environment | -50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity | -50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity |
Dimensions | 116 mm length, 45 mm width, 66 mm height | 116 mm length, 45 mm width, 66 mm height |
弥撒 | 320克(带安装杆和5米的铅线) | 320克(带安装杆和5米的铅线) |
电缆 | M8 connector (IP68 rating) to interface to sensor housing; 5 m of four conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire with a TPR jacket; pigtail lead wires | M8 connector (IP68 rating) to interface to sensor housing; 5 m of four conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire with a TPR jacket; pigtail lead wires |
Pyggeometer规格 | ||
灵敏度 | 0.12 mV per W m-2(variable from sensor to sensor, typical value listed) | 0.12 mV per W m-2(variable from sensor to sensor, typical value listed) |
校准系数(敏感度的互易) | 8.5 W m-2(variable from sensor to sensor, typical value listed) | 8.5 W m-2(variable from sensor to sensor, typical value listed) |
Calibration Uncertainty | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
输出范围 | -24到24 mV | -24到24 mV |
测量范围 | -200到200 w m-2(净龙波辐照区) | -200到200 w m-2(净龙波辐照区) |
Measurement Repeatability | 不到1% | 不到1% |
Long-term Drift | 每年敏感性的变化不到2% | 每年敏感性的变化不到2% |
Non-linearity | 不到1% | 不到1% |
Detector Response Time | 小于0.5秒 | 小于0.5秒 |
视野 | 150° | 150° |
光谱范围 | 5至30μm | 5至30μm |
Temperature Response | 不到5%from -15 to 45 C | 不到5%from -15 to 45 C |
窗口加热偏移 | 小于10 W m-2 | 小于10 W m-2 |
Zero Offset B | 小于5 W m-2 | 小于5 W m-2 |
倾斜错误 | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
日常生活中的不确定性 | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
温度感应器 | 30kΩ热敏电阻,25℃±1 C容差 | 30kΩ热敏电阻,25℃±1 C容差 |
热敏电阻输出 | 0 to 2500 mV (typical, other voltages can be used) | 0 to 2500 mV (typical, other voltages can be used) |
Input Voltage Requirement for Thermistor | 2500 MV激励(典型的,可以使用其他电压) | 2500 MV激励(典型的,可以使用其他电压) |
Pyranometer规格 | ||
灵敏度 | 0.057 mV per W m-2(向上看);每周0.15 mV-2(向下看);(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) | 0.057 mV per W m-2(向上看);每周0.15 mV-2(向下看);(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) |
校准系数(敏感度的互易) | 17.5 W M.-2per mV (upward-looking); 6.7 W m-2每MV(向下看);(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) | 17.5 W M.-2per mV (upward-looking); 6.7 W m-2每MV(向下看);(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) |
Calibration Uncertainty | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
输出范围 | 0至114 mV(向上看);0到300 mV(向下看) | 0至114 mV(向上看);0到300 mV(向下看) |
测量范围 | 0 to 2000 W m-2(净短波辐照度) | 0 to 2000 W m-2(净短波辐照度) |
Measurement Repeatability | 不到1% | 不到1% |
Long-term Drift | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year |
Non-linearity | 不到1% | 不到1% |
Detector Response Time | 0.5 s | 0.5 s |
视野 | 180°(向上看);150°(向下看) | 180°(向上看);150°(向下看) |
光谱范围 | 385nm至2105 nm(向上看),295nm至2685 nm(向下看);(50%) | 385nm至2105 nm(向上看),295nm至2685 nm(向下看);(50%) |
定向(余弦)响应 | 不到30米-2at 80° solar zenith (upward-looking); Less than 20 % for angles between 0 and 60° (downward-looking) | 不到30米-2at 80° solar zenith (upward-looking); Less than 20 % for angles between 0 and 60° (downward-looking) |
Temperature Response | 不到5%from -15 to 45 C | 不到5%from -15 to 45 C |
Zero Offset A | 小于5 W m-2; Less than 10 W m-2(heated) | 小于5 W m-2; Less than 10 W m-2(heated) |
Zero Offset B | 小于5 W m-2 | 小于5 W m-2 |
日常生活中的不确定性 | 不到5% | 不到5% |
Net radiation is a key variable in the surface energy balance and influences turbulent fluxes, including evapotranspiration.
Applications include measurements on flux towers and weather stations.
净辐射计是否可以从每个绘制仪表和铲球仪提供单独的测量?
Yes, the sensors provide individual measurements of all four components of net radiation
Can I order longer cable lengths for my sensor?
Please contact Apogee for custom cable lengths.
对不起,没有匹配该描述的产品。bob足球体育