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地球表面的净辐射是可用能量的来源,可推动关键过程,包括表面和大气加热,蒸发,升华和蒸腾。太阳发射了短波辐射(约280至4000nm),反映了地球表面的一分数。长波辐射(约4000至100,000nm)由大气和陆地表面的分子发射。净辐射是进出(贫困)和传出(升值)短波和长波辐射之间的差异。由于太阳相对于地球表面的位置变化,大气条件的变化以及土地表面条件的差异,地球表面的净辐射是空间和时间变化的。短波辐射占阳光灿烂的一天期间净辐射比例较大。龙波辐射在白天和晚上有助于净辐射。
净辐射四分组成部分的典型值(rnet)在植被上午的晴朗的夏日,在植被上午的晴朗时期,在雪地上的太阳中午附近的清晰冬日,如下图所示(所有单位都是w m-2)。Net shortwave radiation is the difference between incoming shortwave (from sun, SW一世) and outgoing shortwave (reflected by surface, SWO.)。Net LongWave辐射是传入长波(在大气中的分组发出的差异,LW一世)和外出的长波(在表面的元素发出,LWO.)。净辐射是净短波和净龙波辐射的总和。净辐射随太阳能天顶角,大气条件(例如,云度)和表面条件(例如,裸土,植物盖,雪)而变化。
bob体育竞技Apogee Instruments模型SN-500净辐射仪是四组件仪器,具有个别向上和向下的奇数量计和Pyrgeometers。每个辐射计由热电堆检测器和安装在阳极氧化铝壳体中的过滤器组成。加热每个辐射计以最小化露水,霜,雪和冰在过滤器和传感器头上的影响。来自每个辐射计的模拟信号用板载电压计测量并转换为SDI-12输出,无需多个模拟数据监唱通道,以使净辐射的四组件测量。SN-500净辐射计小而轻巧,以便于快速简单地安装。
SN-500. | SN-522 | |
---|---|---|
Input Voltage Range | 5.5至24 V DC(加热器经过优化以在12 V DC时运行) | 5.5至24 V DC(加热器经过优化以在12 V DC时运行) |
输出类型 | SDI-12. | Modbus |
Current Draw (12 V DC Supply Voltage) | Heaters on, communication enabled: 63 mA; Heaters off, communication enabled: 1.5 mA; Heaters off, communication disabled: 0.6 mA | 加热器:72 mA;加热器关闭:13.5 mA |
Response Time | 1s (SDI-12 data transfer rate; detector response times are 0.5 s) | It takes 750 ms to digitize all detector signals |
Heaters (sensors individually heated) | 62 mA current draw and 740 mW power requirement at 12 V DC | 62 mA current draw and 740 mW power requirement at 12 V DC |
操作环境 | -50到80 c;0至100%相对湿度 | -50到80 c;0至100%相对湿度 |
尺寸 | 116毫米长,45毫米宽,66毫米 | 116毫米长,45毫米宽,66毫米 |
Mass | 320 g (with mounting rod and 5 m of lead wire) | 320 g (with mounting rod and 5 m of lead wire) |
Cable | M8连接器(IP68额定值)与传感器外壳接口;5米的四个导体,屏蔽,双绞线,带TPR夹套;辫子铅线 | M8连接器(IP68额定值)与传感器外壳接口;5米的四个导体,屏蔽,双绞线,带TPR夹套;辫子铅线 |
Pyrgeometer Specifications | ||
Sensitivity | 每周0.12 mV-2(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) | 每周0.12 mV-2(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) |
Calibration Factor (Reciprocal of Sensitivity) | 8.5 W M.-2(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) | 8.5 W M.-2(从传感器到传感器的变量,列出典型值) |
校准不确定性 | ±5% | ±5% |
Output Ranges | -24 to 24 mV | -24 to 24 mV |
Measurement Range | -200 to 200 W m-2(net longwave irradiance) | -200 to 200 W m-2(net longwave irradiance) |
测量可重复性 | 不到1% | 不到1% |
长期漂移 | Less than 2 % change in sensitivity per year | Less than 2 % change in sensitivity per year |
非线性 | 不到1% | 不到1% |
探测器响应时间 | Less than 0.5 s | Less than 0.5 s |
Field of View | 150° | 150° |
Spectral Range | 5 to 30 µm | 5 to 30 µm |
温度响应 | 从-15到45 c不到5% | 从-15到45 c不到5% |
Window Heating Offset | 小于10 W m-2 | 小于10 W m-2 |
零偏移B. | Less than 5 W m-2 | Less than 5 W m-2 |
Tilt Error | 小于0.5% | 小于0.5% |
Uncertainty in Daily Total | ±5% | ±5% |
Temperature Sensor | 30 kΩ thermistor, ± 1 C tolerance at 25 C | 30 kΩ thermistor, ± 1 C tolerance at 25 C |
Output from Thermistor | 0至2500 mV(典型的,可以使用其他电压) | 0至2500 mV(典型的,可以使用其他电压) |
热敏电阻的输入电压要求 | 2500 mV excitation (typical, other voltages can be used) | 2500 mV excitation (typical, other voltages can be used) |
Pyranometer Specifications | ||
Sensitivity | 每周0.057 mV-2(upward-looking); 0.15 mV per W m-2(downward-looking); (variable from sensor to sensor, typical values listed) | 每周0.057 mV-2(upward-looking); 0.15 mV per W m-2(downward-looking); (variable from sensor to sensor, typical values listed) |
Calibration Factor (Reciprocal of Sensitivity) | 17.5 W m-2每MV(向上看);6.7 W M.-2per mV (downward-looking); (variable from sensor to sensor, typical values listed) | 17.5 W m-2每MV(向上看);6.7 W M.-2per mV (downward-looking); (variable from sensor to sensor, typical values listed) |
校准不确定性 | ±5% | ±5% |
Output range | 0 to 114 mv (upward-looking); 0 to 300 mV (downward-looking) | 0 to 114 mv (upward-looking); 0 to 300 mV (downward-looking) |
Measurement Range | 0到2000 w m-2(net shortwave irradiance) | 0到2000 w m-2(net shortwave irradiance) |
测量可重复性 | 不到1% | 不到1% |
长期漂移 | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% |
非线性 | 不到1% | 不到1% |
探测器响应时间 | 0.5秒 | 0.5秒 |
Field of View | 180° (upward-looking); 150° (downward-looking) | 180° (upward-looking); 150° (downward-looking) |
Spectral Range | 385 nm to 2105 nm (upward-looking), 295 nm to 2685 nm (downward-looking); (50 % points) | 385 nm to 2105 nm (upward-looking), 295 nm to 2685 nm (downward-looking); (50 % points) |
Directional (Cosine) Response | Less than 30 W m-2在80°的太阳能天顶(向上看);对于0到60°之间的角度小于20%(向下看) | Less than 30 W m-2在80°的太阳能天顶(向上看);对于0到60°之间的角度小于20%(向下看) |
温度响应 | 从-15到45 c不到5% | 从-15到45 c不到5% |
零偏移A. | Less than 5 W m-2;小于10 W m-2(加热) | Less than 5 W m-2;小于10 W m-2(加热) |
零偏移B. | Less than 5 W m-2 | Less than 5 W m-2 |
Uncertainty in Daily Total | Less than 5 % | Less than 5 % |
Net Radiometer Introduction
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Principles of Net Radiation
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Lecture 5-Net Radiation
净辐射是表面能平衡中的一个关键变量,影响湍流助熔剂,包括蒸散散。
应用包括磁通塔和气象站上的测量。
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Does the net radiometer give individual measurements from each pyranometer and pyrgeometer?
是的,传感器提供了所有四个净辐射组件的单独测量
我可以为我的传感器订购更长的电缆长度吗?
请联系Apogee进行自定义电缆长度。
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