地球表面的太阳辐射通常被定义为横跨波长率为280至4000nm(短波辐射)的总辐射。入射在水平表面上的总太阳辐射,直接梁和漫射被定义为全局短波辐射,或短波辐照度(入射辐射通量),并以瓦特每平方米表示(W M)-2,等于每平方米每秒焦耳)。
Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee series pyranometers are silicon-cell pyranometers, and are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 350-1100 nm (approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range). However, silicon-cell pyranometers are calibrated to estimate total shortwave radiation across the entire solar spectrum. Silicon-cell pyranometer specifications meet the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 9060:2018 Class C requirements.
bob体育竞技Apogee Instruments SP系列粘膜计由铸造丙烯酸漫射器(过滤器),光电二极管和安装在阳极氧化铝外壳中的信号处理电路,以及将传感器连接到测量装置的电缆。传感器是盆栽固体,没有内部空间,并且设计用于在室外环境中的平面表面上连续的总短波辐射测量。SP系列传感器输出模拟电压,与太阳的总短波辐射成正比。来自传感器的电压信号与入射在平面表面上的辐射成比例(不必是水平的),其中辐射从半球的所有角度散发出来。
SP-110-SS | SP-212-SS | SP-214-SS | SP-215-SS | SP-230-SS | SP-420. | SP-421-SS | SP-422-SS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ISO 9060:2018 | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) | C类(以前称为第二类) |
Power Supply | Self-powered | 5至24 V DC | 7到24 V DC | 5.5 to 24 V DC | 12 V DC for heater | 5 V | 5.5 to 24 V DC | 5.5 to 24 V DC |
当前的画 | - | 10 µA | 最大22 mA;2 ma静止 | 10 µA | 15马 | 61 mA when logging | 0.6 mA (quiescent); 1.3 mA (active) | RS-232 quiescent 36.87 mA, active 37.06 mA; RS-485静态37.37 mA,活跃42.30 mA |
输出(灵敏度) | 0.2 mV per W m-2 | 每周1.25 mV-2 | 0.008 mA per W m-2 | 2.5 mV per W m-2 | 0.2 mV per W m-2 | - | - | - |
输出类型 | 0到400 mV | 0到2.5 v | 4 to 20 mA | 0到5 v | 0到400 mV | USB | SDI-12. | Modbus |
Resolution | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 W m-2 | - | - |
校准因子(输出互易) | 5 W M.-2per mV | 0.8 W m-2per mV | 125米-2每马,4 mA偏移 | 0.4 W m-2per mV | 5 W M.-2per mV | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 | 每个传感器的自定义并存储在固件中 |
校准不确定性 | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% | ±5% |
测量可重复性 | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% | 不到1% |
长期漂移 | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% | 每年不到2% |
非线性 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 | 不到2000米的1%-2 |
Response Time | 不到1毫秒 | 不到1毫秒 | 不到1毫秒 | 不到1毫秒 | 不到1毫秒 | Software updates every second | 小于0.6秒 | - |
Field of View | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° |
Spectral Range | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm | 360 to 1120 nm |
Directional (Cosine) Response | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% | 75°的天顶角±5% |
温度响应 | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C | 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C |
操作环境 | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m | -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m |
方面 | 直径24毫米,高度为33毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径24毫米,高度为33毫米 | 直径24毫米,高度为33毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 | 直径30.5毫米,高度为37毫米 |
块状(电缆的5米) | 90 g | 140 g | 140 g | 140 g | 90 g | 90 g | 140 g | 140 g |
如何选择绘制尺
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讲座3 - 短波辐射和粘膜仪
Introducing Apogee's PV Monitoring Package
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Silicon-cell Pyranometers
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SP-230全季比克计时间流逝
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Pyranometer User's Guide
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Connecting an SP-214-SS Pyranometer Serial Numbers 9898 and Above to an SMA Cluster Controller
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Solar radiation at Earth's surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength range of 280 to 4000 nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal surface is defined as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is expressed in Watts per square meter (W m-2)。
Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee Instruments offers both silicon-cell and black-body thermopile pyranometers. Silicon-cell pyranometers are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 360 to 1100 nm (approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range).