Radiation that drives photosynthesis is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and is typically defined as total radiation across a range of 400 to 700 nm. PAR is almost universally quantified as photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in units of micromoles per square meter per second (µmol m-2s-1,等于微英寸每平方米每秒)从400到700纳米的总和(光子总数从400到700纳米)。然而,在定义的PAR范围之外的400~77nm的紫外和远红色光子也有助于光合作用并影响植物反应(例如开花)。
Sensors that measure PPFD are often called quantum sensors due to the quantized nature of radiation. A quantum refers to the minimum quantity of radiation, one photon, involved in physical interactions (e.g., absorption by photosynthetic pigments). In other words, one photon is a single quantum of radiation. Sensors that function like traditional quantum sensors, but measure a wider range of wavelengths can be thought of as an ‘extended range’ quantum sensor.
传统量子传感器的典型应用包括在室外环境或温室和生长室中植物冠层上的传入PPFD测量,以及在相同环境中的反射或冠层下(传输)PPFD测量。远地点新380-760nmExtended Photosynthetically Active Radiation (ePAR)340-1040纳米扩展光子通量密度(ePFD)sensors are designed for making total photon intensity measurements of wider ranges than traditional PAR sensors that measure 400-700 nm.
SQ-610-SS型 | SQ-612-SS | SQ-614-SS型 | SQ-615-SS型 | SQ-616 | SQ-617-SS | SQ-618-SS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
电源 | 自动供电 | 5 to 24 V DC | 12至24伏直流电 | 5.5至24伏直流电 | 5V USB电源 | 5.5至24伏直流电 | 5.5至24伏直流电 |
电流消耗 | - | 电压为12伏时为57伏µA | Maximum of 20 mA | 电压为12伏时为57伏µA | 测井时61 mA | 1.4 mA(静态),1.8 mA(活动) | RS-232 37毫安;RS-485静态37 mA,活动42 mA |
敏感 | 每分钟0.01毫伏µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0.625 mV per µmol m-2s-1 | 0.004毫安/秒µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 每个1.25 mVµ摩尔米-2s-1 | - | - | - |
Output Type | 0 to 40 mV | 0 to 2.5 V | 4至20毫安 | 0 to 5 V | 通用串口总线 | SDI-12 | Modbus协议 |
分辨率 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 µmol m-2s-1 | - | - |
Calibration Factor | 100 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | 1.6 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | 250 µmol m-2s-1每毫安 | 0.8 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware | Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware | Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware |
Calibration Uncertainty | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
测量范围 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 |
Measurement Repeatability | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Long-term Drift per Year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year |
Non-linearity | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) |
响应时间 | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | 软件每秒更新一次 | Less than 0.6 s | - |
视野 | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° |
光谱范围 | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) | 380 to 760 nm ± 5 nm (wavelengths where response is greater than 50 % of maximum) |
方向(余弦)响应 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 |
Azimuth Error | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Tilt Error | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Temperature Response | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% |
日总不确定性 | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% |
住房 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 |
IP Rating | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 |
Operating Environment | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 |
Dimensions | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height |
电缆的质量(5米) | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 |
Warranty | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship |
SQ-620-SS型 | SQ-622-SS | SQ-624-SS | SQ-625-SS型 | SQ-626 | SQ-627-SS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
电源 | 自动供电 | 5 to 24 V DC | 12至24伏直流电 | 5.5至24伏直流电 | 5V USB电源 | 5.5至24伏直流电 |
电流消耗 | - | 电压为12伏时为57伏µA | Maximum of 20 mA | 电压为12伏时为57伏µA | 测井时61 mA | 1.4 mA(静态),1.8 mA(活动) |
敏感 | 0.05 mV per µmol m-2s-1 | 0.625 mV per µmol m-2s-1 | 0.004毫安/秒µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 每个1.25 mVµ摩尔米-2s-1 | - | - |
Output Type | 0 to 200 mV | 0 to 2.5 V | 4至20毫安 | 0 to 5 V | 通用串口总线 | SDI-12 |
分辨率 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 µmol m-2s-1 | - |
Calibration Factor | 20 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | 1.6 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | 250 µmol m-2s-1每毫安 | 0.8 µmol m-2s-1每毫伏 | Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware | Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware |
Calibration Uncertainty | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % | ± 5 % |
测量范围 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 | 0到4000µ摩尔米-2s-1 |
Measurement Repeatability | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Long-term Drift per Year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year | Less than 2 % per year |
Non-linearity | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) | Less than 1 % (up to 4000 µmol m-2s-1) |
响应时间 | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | Less than 1 ms | 软件每秒更新一次 | Less than 0.6 s |
视野 | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° | 180° |
光谱范围 | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) | 340至1040牛米± 5 nm(响应大于最大值50%的波长) |
方向(余弦)响应 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 | ± 45岁时为2%°; ± 75%时为5%° 天顶角 |
Azimuth Error | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Tilt Error | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % | Less than 0.5 % |
Temperature Response | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% | -0.11 ± 每C 0.04% |
日总不确定性 | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% | 低于5% |
住房 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 | 阳极氧化铝车身与丙烯酸扩散器 |
IP Rating | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 | IP68 |
Operating Environment | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 | -40至70摄氏度;0~100%相对湿度;可淹没在30米深的水中 |
Dimensions | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height | 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height |
电缆的质量(5米) | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 | 140克 |
Warranty | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship | 4 years against defects in materials and workmanship |
ePAR and ePFD Explained with Dr. Bruce Bugbee
Predicting Stem Elongation and Leaf Expansion: Percent far-red is a better predictor than PPE
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远红色:被遗忘的光子
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把光子变成食物
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植物生长发育的最佳光谱质量
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PAR, PPF, PPFD, and PFD Explained
Photobiology Simplified with Dr Bruce Bugbee
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